Free Online Physics Calculators
Explore mechanics, electricity, optics and thermodynamics with online physics calculators, labeled units, formulas and worked examples.
Choose the right tool
Choose a model matching the system: scalar versus vector quantities, static versus transient circuits, or geometric versus wave optics. Read the labeled units and idealizations. Absolute temperature uses kelvin and angles use the displayed degree or radian convention.
Available tools
- Average Acceleration Calculator
Use this online average acceleration calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. a = (v − u) / t.
- Constant Acceleration Displacement Calculator
Use this online constant acceleration displacement calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. s = ut + at²/2; v = u + at.
- Work at an Angle Calculator
Use this online work at an angle calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. W = Fd cos θ.
- Impulse from Force and Time Calculator
Use this online impulse from force and time calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. J = Favg Δt.
- Torque at an Angle Calculator
Use this online torque at an angle calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. |τ| = rF sin θ.
- Rotational Kinetic Energy Calculator
Use this online rotational kinetic energy calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. Krot = Iω²/2.
- Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body Calculator
Use this online angular momentum of a rigid body calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. L = Iω.
- Solid Disk Moment of Inertia Calculator
Use this online solid disk moment of inertia calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. I = mr²/2.
- Universal Gravitation Force Calculator
Use this online universal gravitation force calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. F = Gm₁m₂/r².
- Escape Velocity Calculator
Use this online escape velocity calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. vesc = √(2GM/r).
- Circular Orbit Period Calculator
Use this online circular orbit period calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. T = 2π√(r³/GM); v = √(GM/r).
- Simple Pendulum Period Calculator
Use this online simple pendulum period calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. T = 2π√(L/g).
- Mass Spring Oscillation Period Calculator
Use this online mass spring oscillation period calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. T = 2π√(m/k).
- Simple Harmonic Motion Position Calculator
Use this online simple harmonic motion position calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. x = A cos(ωt + φ).
- One Dimensional Elastic Collision Calculator
Use this online one dimensional elastic collision calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. v₁ = ((m₁−m₂)u₁+2m₂u₂)/(m₁+m₂); swap indices for v₂.
- Ideal Rocket Delta V Calculator
Use this online ideal rocket delta v calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. Δv = ve ln(m₀/mf).
- Lorentz Factor and Time Dilation Calculator
Use this online lorentz factor and time dilation calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. γ = 1/√(1−β²); Δt = γΔτ.
- Mass Energy Equivalence Calculator
Use this online mass energy equivalence calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. E₀ = mc².
- Photon Energy from Wavelength Calculator
Use this online photon energy from wavelength calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. E = hc/λ; f = c/λ.
- De Broglie Wavelength Calculator
Use this online de broglie wavelength calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. λ = h/(mv).
- Photoelectric Maximum Energy Calculator
Use this online photoelectric maximum energy calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. Kmax = max(0, hc/λ − Φ).
- Coulomb Force Calculator
Use this online coulomb force calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. F = kq₁q₂/r².
- Point Charge Electric Potential Calculator
Use this online point charge electric potential calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. V = kq/r.
- Parallel Capacitor Calculator
Use this online parallel capacitor calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. Ceq = ΣCi.
- Series Capacitor Calculator
Use this online series capacitor calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. 1/Ceq = Σ(1/Ci).
- Capacitor Stored Energy Calculator
Use this online capacitor stored energy calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. U = CV²/2; Q = CV.
- Electric Current from Charge Calculator
Use this online electric current from charge calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. Iavg = ΔQ/Δt.
- RC Capacitor Discharge Calculator
Use this online rc capacitor discharge calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. V(t) = V₀ exp(−t/RC).
- RL Circuit Time Constant Calculator
Use this online rl circuit time constant calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. τ = L/R.
- Long Solenoid Magnetic Field Calculator
Use this online long solenoid magnetic field calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. B = μ₀ μr NI/L.
- Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge Calculator
Use this online magnetic force on a moving charge calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. |F| = |q|vB sin θ.
- Faraday Induced EMF Calculator
Use this online faraday induced emf calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. εavg = −N ΔΦ/Δt.
- Ideal Transformer Voltage Calculator
Use this online ideal transformer voltage calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. Vs/Vp = Ns/Np.
- Thin Lens Image Distance Calculator
Use this online thin lens image distance calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. 1/f = 1/do + 1/di; m = −di/do.
- Spherical Mirror Image Calculator
Use this online spherical mirror image calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. f = R/2; 1/di = 1/f − 1/do.
- Snell Refraction Angle Calculator
Use this online snell refraction angle calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂.
- Critical Angle for Total Internal Reflection
Use this online critical angle for total internal reflection with labeled inputs and a worked example. θc = asin(n₂/n₁).
- Diffraction Grating Angle Calculator
Use this online diffraction grating angle calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. d sin θ = mλ; d = 1/(line density).
- Double Slit Fringe Spacing Calculator
Use this online double slit fringe spacing calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. Δy ≈ λL/d.
- Single Slit First Minimum Calculator
Use this online single slit first minimum calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. a sin θ = λ.
- Stationary Observer Moving Source Doppler Calculator
Use this online stationary observer moving source doppler calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. fobs = fs v/(v−vs).
- Beat Frequency Calculator
Use this online beat frequency calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. fbeat = |f₁−f₂|.
- Sound Intensity Level Calculator
Use this online sound intensity level calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. L = 10 log₁₀(I/I₀).
- Steady Heat Conduction Rate Calculator
Use this online steady heat conduction rate calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. Qdot = kAΔT/L.
- Net Thermal Radiation Power Calculator
Use this online net thermal radiation power calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. Pnet = εσA(T⁴−Ts⁴).
- Carnot Heat Engine Efficiency Calculator
Use this online carnot heat engine efficiency calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. ηmax = 1 − Tc/Th.
- Reversible Isothermal Entropy Change Calculator
Use this online reversible isothermal entropy change calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. ΔS = Qrev/T.
- Malus Law Polarized Light Calculator
Use this online malus law polarized light calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. I = I₀ cos² θ.
- Brewster Angle Calculator
Use this online brewster angle calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. θB = atan(n₂/n₁).
- Light Radiation Pressure Calculator
Use this online light radiation pressure calculator with labeled inputs and a worked example. p = I(1+reflectivity)/c.